INTRODUCTION: THE skin, WHICH IS THE LARGEST tissue IN HUMAN BODY, IS CONSTRUCTED OF THREE LAYERS EPIDERMIS, DERMIS AND HYPODERMIS. IT PERFORMS A MAIN FUNCTION IN PROTECTING THE HUMAN BODY FROM MUCH CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL DAMAGE FROM THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT. THE LOSS OF skin CAN OCCUR FOR VARIOUS REASONS, SUCH AS THERMAL TRAUMA, GENETIC DISORDERS, CHRONIC WOUNDS, BURNS OR EVEN SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS. BECAUSE OF THE LOW IMMUNOGENICITY OF DONOR skin AND THE LIMITED AVAILABILITY OF DONOR skin SOURCES, skin GRAFTS ARE UNABLE TO PROVIDE COMPLETE RECOVERY OF THE skin RENDERING THEM UNSUITABLE FOR WIDESPREAD USE. AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE HAS BEEN EMPLOYED IN THE TREATMENT OF WOUNDS FOR ALMOST 100 YEARS, BEGINNING WITH EARLY APPLICATION OF NATURAL AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE OBTAINED FROM LABOR AND DELIVERY TO VARIOUS TYPES OF BURNS AND WOUNDS. AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE (AM), THE MOST INTERNAL PLACENTAL MEMBRANE, HAS UNIQUE PROPERTIES INCLUDING ANTI ADHESIVE EFFECTS, BACTERIOSTATIC, WOUND PROTECTION AND PAIN-REDUCTION PROPERTIES, AS WELL AS EPITHELIALIZATION INITIALIZATION CAPACITIES. AM IS WIDELY AVAILABLE AND LESS COSTLY THAN OTHER BIOENGINEERED skin SUBSTITUTES...

skin IS A LARGE ORGAN IN BODY WITH RENEWAL ABILITY IN MILD LEVELS BUT NOT IN HARD INJURIES CONDITIONS.SO CURRENT METHODS AMONG ALLOGRAPHS AND AUTOGRAPHS HELP PATIENTS TO TREAT; THESE METHODS HAVE SOME DISADVANTAGES AND ADVERSE EFFECTS WHICH INDUCED TO APPLY tissue ENGINEERING METHODS...

skin AND SOFT tissue INFECTIONS (SSTIS) ARE COMMON IN OUTPATIENT CLINIC AND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT VISITS AND INCLUDE A WIDE VARIETY OF INFECTIONS OF THE EPIDERMIS, DERMIS, SUBCUTANEOUS tissue, FASCIA AND MUSCLE. SSTIS USUALLY RESULT FROM TRAUMATIC, SURGICAL OR HEALTH CARE RELATED skin BREAK DOWN WITH SECONDARY INFLAMMATORY MICROBIAL INVASIONS. THE SEVERITY OF SSTIS RANGES FROM MILD SUPERFICIAL TO DEEPER OR POTENTIALLY FATAL NECROTIZING INFECTIONS REQUIRING HOSPITALIZATION OR INTENSIVE CARE. AMONG HOSPITALIZED OR CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS, SEVERAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT ABOUT 4.3%-10.5% OF SEPTIC EPISODES ARE CAUSED BY SSTIS.

OVER THE PAST DECADE tissue ENGINEERING IMPLEMENTS THE PRINCIPLES OF ENGINEERING AND LIFE SCIENCES TO MAKE BIOLOGICAL SUBSTITUTES THAT RETAIN, REPAIR OR DEVELOP tissue FUNCTION. IN EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) PROTEIN FIBERS DIAMETER ARE SMALLER THAN THE CELLS AND COULD PROVIDE A DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE CELLS IN THREE DIMENSIONAL ORIENTATIONS, THEREFORE THE CELLS MUST HAVE INTERACTION WITH SCAFFOLD IN THREE DIMENSION AREAS. ELECTROSPINNING AS A SIMPLE AND VERSATILE TECHNIQUE FOR FABRICATION OF BIOMIMETIC NON-WOVEN NANOFIBROUS SCAFFOLD HAS GAINED SO MUCH ATTENTION IN skin tissue ENGINEERING. DIFFERENT KINDS OF BIOPOLYMERS HAVE BEEN USED FOR ELECTROSPINNING PROCESS BY OUR RESEARCH TEAM. CHONDROITIN SULFATE AS NATURAL SIGNALING MOLECULES HAVE BEEN USED IN NANOFIBROUS STRUCTURE IN COMBINATION WITH GELATIN AND PVA FOR skin tissue ENGINEERING. CONSIDERING THE SYNTHETIC POLYMERS ACCEPTABLE MECHANICAL PROPERTY AND NATURAL POLYMERS BIOCOMPATIBILITY, IT WOULD BE A GOOD CANDIDATE TO COMBINE THE HIGH BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF NATURAL POLYMERS SUCH AS CHONDROITIN SULFATE AND GELATIN WITH THE SUPERIOR MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF SYNTHETIC POLYMERS SUCH AS POLYCAPROLACTON OR PVA USING MIXING-ELECTROSPINNING OR CORE-SHELL MORPHOLOGY WHICH IS CRUCIAL IN skin tissue ENGINEERING. THE PCL/GELATIN CORE/SHELL NANOFIBERS WERE FABRICATED USING EMULSION ELECTROSPINNING FOR skin tissue ENGINEERING. THE FABRICATED NANOFIBROUS STRUCTURE COULD BE USED FOR HYDROPHOBIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN skin WOUND DRESSING.